Posting #6:- "Communicating at Translight Velocities

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"Great spirits have always encountered violent oppositions from mediocre minds." - A. Einstein

In the 19th century, science had concluded that reality was based upon the Aether, a rigid medium that pervaded all of space. The Aether was required to account for the ability of forces (electric, magnetic, gravitational, etc.) to "act at distance" and through which the vibrational disturbance known as light could propagate. Late in the century, the next obvious step was taken. Attempts were made to measure our velocity through the Aether. The most notable of those attempts was the Michaelson-Morley experiment which, to everyone's chagrin, produced a null result.

The difficulty was first resolved in 1903 with conclusions by Fitzgerald and Larmor. Fitzgerald concluded that what was happening was that lengths became shorter in the direction of the velocity vector and Larmor concluded that, if this were true, clocks must slow by a reciprocal amount. The result was the Lorentz Transformation Aether Theory, which, in conjunction with the fact that the velocity of light represented the most rapid means of transferring information, insured that our absolute velocity through space could not be measured. In 1905, Dr. Einstein showed that the theory could be derived from fundamental principles and Special Relativity was off and running. When examined objectively, both theories are found to be identical (cross-derivable), and differ only in philosophical viewpoint.

One viewpoint asserted that the classical Aether exists but because of the Lorentz Transformations and the limit on the transfer of information imposed by the velocity of light, we could not, in principle, measure our velocity with respect to it. The other viewpoint asserted that, because our velocity with respect to the Aether could not be measured, it was not valid to include the Aether in physical theory. This interpretation required that all velocity reference frames were equally valid and reality did not consist of space and time as separate entities but was a single entity which was named space-time.

The mathematics of space-time work as long as they are not abused by arbitrarily jumping from one velocity reference to another in the same problem, but science was still left with the problem of explaining "action at a distance". This difficulty was overcome by the addition of the concept of "virtual exchange particles" (photons, gluons, gravitons, etc.) whose existence was of such short duration that the laws of quantum mechanics allowed them to "pop into and out of existence" without violating the Law of Conservation of Energy and which acted to exchange momentum (force) between physically separated entities.

The elimination of the Aether from realm of acceptable physical theory did not result from observations or the application of rigorous logic. It was eliminated instead by a consensus opinion upon the part of the scientific community. Since the Lorentz Contraction-Aether Theory is a special case solution of the Special Theory of Relativity, the existence of the classical Aether cannot be disproved without also disproving Special Relativity. The existence of the Aether can be verified, however, if information can be transferred between physically separated locations at a velocity that exceeds the velocity of light! If that can be accomplished, all that is necessary to determine our "absolute velocity" through space is to compare the synchronization of clocks set by the hyperluminal information transfer method with the synchronization of clocks set by electromagnetic means. The difference in their "now" readings would allow their "absolute velocity" to be measured and the establishment of our absolute velocity through space (i.e.- the Aether) by direct observation, exactly as Michaelson and Morley wished to do.

In the 1980's experiments were performed which showed that the quantum coupling of the polarization of "paired photons" could be observed as propagating at a velocity at least 4 times the velocity of light (and perhaps at an infinite velocity). IT MUST BE RECOGNIZED THAT, SINCE CHANGING THE POLARIZATION OF A PHOTON DOES NOT CHANGE ITS ENERGY, TRANSFERING INFORMATION THROUGH THE POLARIZATION COUPLING OF PHOTONS REPRESENTS A TRANSFER OF INFORMATION WIHTOUT ANY TRANSFER OF ENERGY. Since transfer of energy is not involved, the limitation on the velocity of transfer of information which is encoded by energy which is imposed by the Lorentz Transformations does not apply. Since energy is not part of the information encoding there is no theoretical restriction currently known which limits the velocity of transfer of information encoded as a quantum number. The paired photons travel at the velocity of light, but their polarization coupling, in principle, can travel at any velocity up to infinity. This is consistent with one of the two interpretations of quantum theory (considered "spooky" by Dr. Einstein) in which quantum effects propagate thoughout space at infinite velocity. (The other interpretation is that at every instant of time, every quantum event in the Universe produces a parallel Universe that occupies the same space as our own and contains as much energy. Such an interpretation requires the continuous input of energy to the Universe at a virtually infinite rate and requires that a virtually infinite number of particles occupy the same space at the same time. The writer is old fashioned enough to accept that energy cannot be created or destroyed and that two objects cannot occupy the same space at the same time and therefore rejects such a concept as foolish.)

The reason that it has been impossible to transfer information at translight velocities is that we have always attempted to encode the information in the form of energy. Consider the Lorentz Transformations as expressed in a Force-Length-Time system of units:

Force = 1
Length = 1/(1-V^2/C^2)^0.5
Time = (1-V^2/C^2)^0.5

In this system, the Lorentz Transformation for Energy (Force times Length) is equal to the Lorentz Transformation for length and becomes infinite at the velocity of light and imaginary at velocities higher than the velocity of light. The situation is different if we consider the transformation of information by the coupling of the polarization angle of paired photons. Since angles are measured in radians, which is the length along an arc divided by the radius of the arc, the Lorentz Transformation for Angle is equal to the Lorentz Transformation for Length divided by the Lorentz Transformations for Length and is equal to unity, as is the Lorentz Transformation for Force. One might conclude from these transformations that not only is the velocity of polarization coupling not limited to the velocity of light, it should be INFINITE. If this is the case the "spooky" interpretation of quantum theory is not spooky after all, it represents reality. It is the "Parallel Universe" concept which is incorrect.

The diagram of the original experimental setup is shown in the diagram below. The experimenters attempted to use a modification of this experimental setup to transmit information at velocities greater than lightspeed. In this effort they were unsuccessful. The information that was received consisted of random noise. It is reported that later attempts were made using laser amplifiers to greatly increase the signal to noise ratio of the signal. That effort was also unsuccessful and it was concluded that Nature conspired to interfere with the transmission of information at translight velocities.

The transmission of information at translight velocities was foredoomed, regardless of any conspiracy of Nature to prevent translight communication. It had to fail because the experimenters were violating the basic requirements of a communication system. The paired photons, as emitted, were randomly phased and the phasing of those photons was then modulated to represent the information. What the experimenters were attempting to do was to phase modulate a randomly phased carrier. At the receiving end of such a system, the information is present but it is indecipherable because its phase has also been modulated by the randomly phased carrier noise and is therefore appears as random noise.

Assuming that the polarization coupling of paired photons is not destroyed by passing though a polarized, this limitation can be overcome by eliminating the random phasing of the paired photons at their source using additional polarizers set at an angle of 45 degrees to the transmitting and receiving polarizer’s axes as shown in diagram below. (There does not seem to be any reason why it would be detrimental to insert laser amplifiers between the paired photon sources to improve signal to noise ratio, assuming that the laser amplifiers repeat the photon phasing.) With this modification, the detectable peak to peak signal, as received, would be expected to have an amplitude of 50% of the amplitude of the original paired photons (ideal case assuming no losses). AT THIS POINT, ASSUMING THAT PASSING THROUGH A POLARIZER DOES NOT DESTROY THE POLARIZATION COUPLING, THE FEASIBILIY OF ACHIEVING TRANSLIGHT COMMUNICATION CEASEs TO RELY ON PHYSICS, IT HAS BECOME A STRAIGHTFORWARD ENGINEERING PROBLEM WHOSE SUCCESS IS ONE CAN PREDICT WITH CONFIDENCE. Assuming the original experiment described in the figure above worked as reported, translight communication will be demonstrated. (A recent program of NOVA on PBS showed an experiment in which music was transmitted at a modest translight velocity. Since this feat has been achieved, it should only be a matter of time before it is used to establish our absolute velocity through space. If successfully made, such an observation of "absolute velocity" would throw the currently accepted idea of space-time into a cocked hat (where it undoubtedly belongs since it is based upon a consensus opinion and not provable fact) and return science to the idea of the classical Aether. ("The Einstein Hoax").

A recent posting has brought a question to the writer's attention. It was asserted that passing the paired photon's through the 45 degree polarizers, as suggested, would destroy the coupling between them. Searching through the material available to the writer provides no firm answer to this possibility. All is not lost, however, if the crossed polarizers detroy the polarization coupling, they may be eliminated. The detectors at the left side of the diagram will still detect information propagated at the velocity of the polarization coupling and probably at a better signal to noise ratio. (Doubters will please note that, in contrast to what many may believe and in agreement with the last paragraph of this posting, the writer does excercise care in making sure that his writings represent valid science.)

This limitation can be overcome by eliminating the random phasing of the paired photons at their source using additional polarizers set at an angle of 45 degrees to the transmitting and receiving polarizer’s axes as shown in diagram above. (There does not seem to be any reason why it would be detrimental to insert laser amplifiers between the paired photon source to improve signal to noise ratio.) With this modification, the detectable peak to peak signal, as received, would be expected to have an amplitude of 50% of the amplitude of the original paired photons (ideal case assuming no losses). AT THIS POINT, THE FEASIBILIY OF ACHIEVING TRANSLIGHT COMMUNICATION HAS CEASED TO RELY ON PHYSICS, IT HAS BECOME A STRAIGHTFORWARD ENGINEERING PROBLEM WHOSE SUCCESS IS ONE CAN PREDICT WITH CONFIDENCE. Assuming the original experiment described in the top figure as reported, translight communication will be demonstrated. (A recent program of NOVA on PBS showed an experiment in which music was transmitted at a modest translight velocity. Since this feat has been achieved, it should only be a matter of time before it is used to establish our absolute velocity through space. If successfully made, such an observation of "absolute velocity" would throw the currently accepted idea of space-time into a cocked hat (where it undoubtedly belongs since it is based upon a consensus opinion and not provable fact) and return science to the idea of the classical Aether. (The text associated with these diagrams can be accessed at "The Einstein Hoax.

A recent posting has brought a question to the writer's attention. It was asserted that passing the paired photon's through the 45 degree polarizers, as suggested, would destroy the coupling between them. Searching through the material available to the writer provides no firm answer to this possibility. All is not lost, however, if the crossed polarizers detroy the polarization coupling, they may be eliminated. The detectors at the left side of the diagram will still detect information propagated at the velocity of the polarization coupling and probably at a better signal to noise ratio. (Doubters will please note that, in contrast to what many may believe and in agreement with the last paragraph of this posting, the writer does excercise care in making sure that his writings represent valid science.)

Remember that Dr. Einstein warned "we have not proven that the Aether doesn't exist, we have merely proven we do not need it (for calculations). Also remember that it took 25 years of peer pressure to cause Dr. Einstein to relinquish the idea of "absolute time" (equivalent to believing the Aether) and accepting the unproven consensus viewpoint of space-time as a single entity.

The source material for this posting may be found in "The Einstein Hoax" (1997) ; "Gravity" (1987) ; and "Corrections to Special Relativity" (1997). EVERYTHING WHICH WE ACCEPT AS TRUE MUST BE CONSISTENT WITH EVERYTHING ELSE WE HAVE ACCEPTED AS TRUE, IT MUST BE CONSISTENT WITH ALL OBSERVATIONS, AND IT MUST BE MATHEMATICALLY VIABLE. PRESENT TEACHINGS DO NOT ALWAYS MEET THIS REQUIREMENT. THE WORLD IS ENTITLED TO A HIGHER STANDARD OF WORKMANSHIP FROM THOSE IT HAS GRANTED WORLD CLASS STATUS.

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